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Compare Spratly Islands (2008) - Reunion (2001)

Compare Spratly Islands (2008) z Reunion (2001)

 Spratly Islands (2008)Reunion (2001)
 Spratly IslandsReunion
Administrative divisions - none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons
Age structure - 0-14 years:
32.07% (male 120,259; female 114,669)

15-64 years:
62.25% (male 224,347; female 231,698)

65 years and over:
5.68% (male 16,892; female 24,705) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn
Airports 3 (2007) 2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2007)		 total:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)		 -
Area total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea		 total:
2,512 sq km

land:
2,502 sq km

water:
10 sq km
Area - comparative NA slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Background The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef but has not made any formal claim. The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route.
Birth rate - 21.26 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
NA

expenditures:
NA
Capital - Saint-Denis
Climate tropical tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April
Coastline 926 km 207 km
Constitution - 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands		 conventional long form:
Department of Reunion

conventional short form:
Reunion

local long form:
none

local short form:
Ile de la Reunion

former:
Bourbon Island
Currency - French franc (FRF); euro (EUR)
Death rate - 5.52 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $NA
Dependency status - overseas department of France
Diplomatic representation from the US - none (overseas department of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US - none (overseas department of France)
Disputes - international all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands none
Economic aid - recipient - $NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored. There are no reliable estimates of potential reserves. Commercial exploitation has yet to be developed. The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to more than 40% of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France.
Electricity - consumption - 1.023 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 1.1 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
54.55%

hydro:
45.45%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m		 lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Piton des Neiges 3,069 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Ethnic groups - French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian
Exchange rates - euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996)
Executive branch - chief of state:
President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Robert POMMIES (since NA 1996)

head of government:
President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993)

cabinet:
NA

elections:
French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils
Exports - $214 million (f.o.b., 1997)
Exports - commodities - sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993)
Exports - partners - France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (1994)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description - the flag of France is used
GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.4 billion (1998 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $4,800 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 3.8% (1998 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 38 N, 111 55 E 21 06 S, 55 36 E
Geography - note strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs -
Heliports 3 (2007) -
Highways - total:
2,724 km

paved:
1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road)

unpaved:
1,424 km

note:
370 km of road are maintained by national authorities, 754 km by departmental authorities and 1600 km by local authorities (1994)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports - $2.5 billion (c.i.f., 1997)
Imports - commodities - manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products
Imports - partners - France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (1994)
Independence - none (overseas department of France)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction
Infant mortality rate - 8.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - NA%
International organization participation - FZ, InOC, WFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km 60 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch - Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel
Labor force - 261,000 (1995)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 8%, industry 19%, services 73% (1990)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)		 arable land:
17%

permanent crops:
2%

permanent pastures:
5%

forests and woodland:
35%

other:
41% (1993 est.)
Languages - French (official), Creole widely used
Legal system - French law
Legislative branch - unicameral General Council (47 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve six-year terms)

elections:
General Council - last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA 2000); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 12, PS 12, UDF 11, RPR 5, others 7; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 7, UDF 8, PS 6, RPR 4, various right-wing candidates 15, various left-wing candidates 5

note:
Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held 14 April 1996 (next to be held NA 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1, PCR 2; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May and 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 3, PS 1, and RPR-UDF 1
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
72.93 years

male:
69.53 years

female:
76.49 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
79%

male:
76%

female:
80% (1982 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references Southeast Asia World
Maritime claims NA exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT

ships by type:
chemical tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches - French forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
190,846 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
97,497 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
6,243 (2001 est.)
National holiday - Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality - noun:
Reunionese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Reunionese
Natural hazards typhoons; numerous reefs and shoals pose a serious maritime hazard periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano
Natural resources fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential fish, arable land, hydropower
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states		 732,570 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 1.57% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Le Port, Pointe des Galets
Radio broadcast stations - AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 173,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995)
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.68 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis

domestic:
modern open wire and microwave radio relay network

international:
radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 236,500 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 85,000 (1999)
Television broadcast stations - 22 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain flat mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
Total fertility rate - 2.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - 42.8% (1998)
Waterways - none
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